General Terms and Conditions

1. Who Are We?

IUSTORIA is a law firm focused on complex and high-value cases where poor legal advice can cost tens of thousands to millions of Czech crowns. IUSTORIA is a team of attorneys and experts.

Mgr. Jan Vytřísal, Attorney-at-Law
registered with the Czech Bar Association (ČAK), Reg. No. 20461
with registered office at Slovákova 279/11, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic

Mgr. Gabriel Kožík, Attorney-at-Law
registered with the Czech Bar Association (ČAK), Reg. No. 19320
with registered office at Slovákova 279/11, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic

Our team also includes Mgr. Bára Bartoňková, Attorney-at-Law, ČAK Reg. No. 21080, as well as other lawyers and external associates.

2. Who Do You Contract With?

You enter into a legal services agreement with IUSTORIA, advokátní kancelář, s.r.o., Company ID (IČO): 173 53 866, with its registered office at Slovákova 279/11, Veveří, 602 00 Brno, registered in the Commercial Register maintained by the Regional Court in Brno, Section C, File 129769, through one of our attorneys.

Invoices may be issued either by this company or by one of our attorneys individually. Given the team-based nature of our firm, any member of our team may communicate with you during the course of our cooperation.

We are registered for value added tax (VAT). VAT is charged on top of our legal fees at the current rate of 21%.

These Terms apply to all legal services we provide to you, including any future services, unless expressly agreed otherwise. We may amend these Terms to a reasonable extent. The updated version will be sent to you by email; the current version shall govern any ongoing provision of legal services.

This document may be provided to clients in other language versions. In the event of any discrepancy between another language version and this Czech version, the Czech text of these General Terms and Conditions shall always prevail and be binding.

3. What We Do and What We Stand For

We provide legal services within the meaning of Section 1(2) of Act No. 85/1996 Coll., on the Legal Profession (the Czech Bar Act): representation in proceedings before courts and other authorities, defence in criminal matters, legal advice, drafting of documents, preparation of legal analyses, and other forms of legal assistance. Our legal services are provided for a fee.

As attorneys, we are bound by a duty of confidentiality. We may not disclose the details of your case to anyone, nor even the fact that you are our client.

We will name you as a reference only with your prior consent.

At IUSTORIA, we pride ourselves on precision, transparency, and effective communication. We take on cases where the legal solution carries significant value — typically where a wrong decision costs tens of thousands to millions of Czech crowns, or where reputation, key business relationships, or strategic positions are at stake.

We tell you openly whether pursuing a legal fight makes sense for you or not. If it does not, we say so directly — even if it means we will not earn from the case. We would rather draft a solid set of contracts for CZK 20,000 than litigate an avoidable dispute for CZK 200,000.

We are not the cheapest option. We are the lawyers you would rather pay than face on the other side.

We provide legal services primarily in Czech and under Czech law. We also speak English, French, German, and Slovak.

On questions of foreign law we will, at your request, arrange for local counsel whose fees we re-invoice to you (Article 9 applies accordingly). Our own comments on foreign law are indicative only and do not replace an opinion from counsel qualified in the relevant jurisdiction.

4. How Are Our Services Priced?

Our services are priced in several ways depending on the nature of the case. We typically agree on an hourly rate. Details are set out below.

4.1. Hourly Fee

Our hourly rates, excluding VAT, are as follows:

Hourly rates (excluding VAT)

Category	Rate / hour
Strategic advisory	CZK 4,900
Standard rate — the firm's attorneys, partners included	CZK 3,900
Trainee attorneys and other lawyers on the team	CZK 2,900

Our standard hourly rate is CZK 3,900 excluding VAT and applies to work by the firm's attorneys, partners included. Work by trainee attorneys and other lawyers on our team is billed at CZK 2,900 excluding VAT. We bill the work of our legal interns at the same rate as that of trainee attorneys; their output is always reviewed by an attorney, who is answerable to the client for it. As we are VAT-registered, the statutory tax rate — currently 21% — is added on top. If you are a VAT payer, you may claim the paid tax as an input deduction.

The minimum fee for a new case or standalone task is CZK 5,000 + VAT (i.e. CZK 6,050 including VAT), regardless of the actual scope of work.

The hourly rate may be increased depending on the complexity of the work, the language in which the service is provided, or where the work is expedited. A different rate may be agreed on an individual basis, particularly for long-term engagements.

Expedited work: We treat work as expedited if it is to be completed within 48 hours of instruction, at weekends or on public holidays, if it is carried out at night (22:00–07:00), and further where the client hands over the materials needed to perform the task at a point when fewer than 5 working days remain before a statutory or court-set deadline expires. Whether work is expedited is assessed separately for each task, as at the moment of instruction; later changes to the instruction do not affect the expedited character of work already performed.

In expedited mode the hourly fee is increased by two components, which are added together. The deadline uplift is determined as at the moment of instruction and applies to the whole task:

Deadline uplift

Deadline	Uplift
Completion within 48 hours of instruction	+50%
Completion within 24 hours or on the day of instruction	+100%

The time-of-work uplift applies to the hours actually worked within the relevant band according to the fee statement; bands are not cumulative and the highest one reached applies:

Time of work

Band	Uplift
Weekday evening (18:00–22:00)	+50%
Weekend or public holiday (07:00–22:00)	+65%
Night (22:00–07:00, any day)	+175%

Complexity uplift: In exceptionally demanding matters — in particular those spanning several jurisdictions, requiring analysis of extensive data or materials, or involving technical complexity — the hourly fee may be increased by 25–50%.

The uplifts under this Article are cumulative. The total hourly fee will not exceed three times the hourly rate that would otherwise apply to the matter; a higher fee may be agreed expressly with the client before work begins. We will alert the client to the application of uplifts when taking on the task, where the circumstances allow.

Strategic advisory: For strategic advisory — negotiating complex transactions, leading negotiations with the other side, preparing and conducting witness examinations, restructuring shareholder relationships, terminating business partnerships, crisis situations, high-stakes disputes, disputes and transactions worth more than CZK 500,000 or involving key business relationships or reputation, and complex cross-border cases — the hourly rate is CZK 4,900 + VAT, unless agreed otherwise.

Allocation of work within the team: We assign a matter, or part of it, to the most junior tier of the team able to handle it to the required standard. If it turns out along the way that the matter calls for greater seniority, a more experienced team member takes it over; usable results of the work done so far are billed at the rate of whoever performed it, and the higher rate applies only to work from the handover onwards. The strategic advisory rate applies to work by a partner, or by the lead attorney, in matters of a strategic nature; work by other team members is billed at their own rates even in such matters. If the client asks for a particular team member to handle the matter or a specific task personally, that member's work is billed at their rate even where we would otherwise have assigned it to a different tier; this does not affect the rates for administrative tasks and time lost. The division of work is always visible in your fee statement.

Discounts: Discounts are granted by express agreement and expressed as a percentage of the hourly rate that would otherwise apply to the work, or of the fixed fee; a 15% discount on the rate of CZK 3,900 therefore means a billed rate of CZK 3,315 + VAT per hour. A discount may be agreed for a single task, for an entire case, or as a standing arrangement until revoked; a discount agreed for a particular task or case does not extend to other tasks or cases. For a discounted rate, both the uplifts under this Article and the three-times cap are calculated from the post-discount rate. We may revoke a standing discount for the future by notifying the client; revocation does not affect work instructed beforehand. Unless agreed otherwise, a discount does not apply to compensation for time lost, administrative tasks, travel costs or out-of-pocket expenses (Articles 5.2 to 5.4).

Time estimate: When agreeing on an hourly rate, we will provide an estimate of the number of hours your case is likely to require, where circumstances permit. Please treat the estimate as indicative rather than binding — particularly in court proceedings, the drafting of extensive documentation, or negotiations, the actual scope may differ. If you wish to cap the total fee, a fixed-fee arrangement (see below) is the appropriate option.

We bill in increments of 15 minutes.

4.2. Fixed Fee

A fixed fee is a set amount for the provision of a specific legal service. Typical examples include:

• drafting of standard contracts,
• filing submissions without taking on representation in proceedings,
• representation in proceedings before the Commercial Register, including preparation of filings,
• routine legal analyses,
• assessing the enforceability of a portfolio of receivables together with a recommendation on how to proceed,
• escrow of funds, etc.

The fee is set in advance and remains unchanged regardless of the actual scope of work. For more complex tasks, the fixed fee reflects all foreseeable risks and the anticipated scope of work.

For larger engagements — typically a combination of analysis, contract documentation and related deliverables — we offer to agree a fixed fee in advance for the whole package. Where a package fixed fee is agreed, it prevails over the hourly fee and over the uplifts under Article 4.1.

4.3. Success Fee

Depending on the type of case, we may agree on a contingency-based fee. In the event of a successful outcome, we retain a share as our fee for securing the result on your behalf. A success fee may be agreed only for monetary claims.

If the case is not successful, no fee is payable. However, please note that if court proceedings are initiated and the outcome is not in your favour, the court may order you to reimburse the opposing party's costs.

We typically agree on a success fee of 20–25% of the amount recovered. The success fee does not relieve the client of the obligation to pay disbursements and any costs awarded to the opposing party. VAT is charged in addition to the percentage-based fee.

4.4. Statutory Tariff Fee

If no contractual fee is agreed between the attorney and the client, the attorney will charge fees in accordance with Decree No. 177/1996 Coll. of the Ministry of Justice (the Attorneys' Tariff). The Attorneys' Tariff is also used by attorneys and courts when calculating costs of proceedings.

In the event of a successful outcome in court proceedings, the court will typically not award you costs at the level of your attorney's actual hourly rate. The relationship between the hourly rate and the tariff-based fee is complex — we actively explain this to our clients.

4.5. Retainer Fee

We offer retainer arrangements only to clients who use our services on a long-term basis at a level corresponding to a mid-sized or larger company. After agreeing on the monthly volume and pricing of services, we enter into a long-term cooperation agreement. Retainer clients are given standard priority in the provision of legal services.

Financial terms are tailored individually based on the scope and nature of the engagement. Hours exceeding the retainer allowance are billed at a higher rate up to the standard hourly rate.

5. What Do We Charge For?

Our work involves administration, phone calls, and travel — these activities are also subject to charges.

5.1. Work

Where an hourly fee applies, we charge for all work performed on your case: drafting of documents (court filings, analyses), attendance at meetings and hearings (court, administrative, with the client, with the opposing party), telephone and email communication, inspection of case files, expert consultations, review of materials, and so on.

The minimum fee for a new case is set out in Article 4.1.

Brief telephone or email queries that call for legal assessment always constitute a legal service and may be charged at the hourly rate.

We bill in increments of 15 minutes.

Hearing day: For attendance at a court or administrative hearing, or at a meeting with the opposing party held away from our offices, we always charge a minimum of 4 hours of work; compensation for time lost and travel costs are unaffected.

Review of materials: An attorney is paid for the time spent on highly qualified work. We therefore charge for any review of materials supplied by the client — including where the only thing we can tell the client is that the case has no solution.

We charge for all time spent on the client's case. Where we have agreed a fixed fee with the client, we charge a single amount. A fixed fee must always be agreed by both sides in advance. If no such agreement has been reached, we charge at the hourly rate.

Initial meeting: In non-standard cases it is usually helpful to meet the client at an initial meeting, where we go through the circumstances of the case and establish the rough range of possible solutions. The initial meeting is also where both sides find out whether we are a good fit.

The initial meeting is always charged at the current hourly rate. In long-term engagements, part of the initial meeting may be absorbed into the retainer or into the fixed project fee.

5.2. Time Lost

We charge compensation for time lost at CZK 600 + VAT for each half-hour commenced. Time lost means, in particular, travel to the client or to a hearing or meeting.

Administrative tasks: Purely administrative work — copying and scanning documents, trips to the post office or public authorities, handing over the case file and similar activities — is charged at CZK 1,200 + VAT per hour, in increments of 15 minutes commenced.

5.3. Travel Costs

Where we travel to you or to a meeting away from our offices, we charge travel costs of CZK 10 + VAT per kilometre.

5.4. Out-of-Pocket Expenses

Out-of-pocket expenses include, for example, land registry extracts, extracts from the central register of enforcement proceedings, or minor administrative charges. For court or administrative fees running to larger amounts, we will ask you to pay them directly.

6. How Do We Invoice?

6.1. Invoices

We usually issue our invoice for legal services according to the nature of the work:

• on delivery of the final result (sending the final version of a contract),
• after attending a hearing or meeting, or
• at the end of the calendar month (where we have not invoiced earlier).

In larger cases we invoice on a rolling basis (monthly or by stages).

Invoices are payable within 14 days.

We normally send a fee statement together with the invoice — an overview of what you are paying for. The invoice itself does not contain these details, because of our duty of confidentiality.

Protection against payment fraud: We change our bank account number only by notice from our data box or by a document signed by an attorney. If you receive an invoice showing an account number you do not recognise, please verify it by telephone on the number given on our website — not on the number shown on the invoice — and do not make the payment until you have done so.

If we have delivered a draft document to the client for approval and the client stops cooperating, we send the invoice after a reminder.

6.2. Advance Invoices

For certain types of case (for example disputes, high-stakes negotiations, strategic advisory) we may request an advance payment, including from existing clients. We will not begin work on the case until the advance invoice has been paid.

We also issue advance invoices to clients who are late in paying properly invoiced work.

Advance payments are set off as agreed, and at the latest once the agreed service has been provided.

6.3. Suspension of Services for Late Payment

If the client is in default on any amount due, the firm reserves the right to suspend the provision of legal services until the outstanding amount has been paid in full. The client acknowledges that suspension of services may affect the outcome of the matter.

Even where services are suspended, we will take the steps necessary to ensure that the client suffers no harm from imminent deadlines or steps that cannot be postponed.

7. Scope of the Mandate

The mandate covers only the legal services expressly agreed with the client (for example specific proceedings, a specific contract). Any further steps — including follow-on disputes, other contracts or proceedings — fall outside the mandate unless expressly agreed.

Legal services are provided to you by our team. We reserve the right to divide the work within the firm so that the matter is handled efficiently and to the required standard. The client acknowledges that certain steps may be carried out by trainee attorneys or external associates under an attorney's supervision.

Joint representation of several clients: Where we represent several clients in the same matter, information relating to that matter is not confidential as between the joint clients, instructions may be given to us by any of the joint clients unless they jointly determine otherwise, and the fee is payable by the joint clients jointly and severally unless agreed otherwise. If a conflict of interest arises between the joint clients, we are entitled to terminate the representation of one or all of them in the matter concerned; we will notify the clients of this without delay.

8. Communication and Availability

Email is our primary channel of communication. Telephone communication is intended mainly for day-to-day arrangements, but a fee may also be charged for it where it amounts to the provision of a legal service. We usually respond to email queries within 2 working days; this is not a binding deadline.

We treat the following as binding client instructions:

• email from addresses the client has given us,
• messages sent through the client's data box,
• instructions given in writing on paper.

The client acknowledges that instructions sent from other addresses, or by persons the client has not identified to us as authorised, need not be accepted.

Recording of calls and meetings: The client acknowledges that, in order to document accurately the content of legal consultations, the client's intentions and instructions, and for the purposes of performing the legal services agreement, IUSTORIA, advokátní kancelář, s.r.o. may make audio recordings of telephone calls and in-person meetings with the client. Recordings made in this way also serve to protect the firm's legitimate interests in any dispute over the content of instructions or the scope of services provided; they are subject to the duty of confidentiality and are retained only for as long as is necessary for the purposes set out above.

Such recordings may also be used as evidence in court proceedings in a dispute over the attorney's fee.

Technology and artificial intelligence: In providing legal services we use modern technology, including artificial intelligence tools, while maintaining our duty of confidentiality and under the full professional supervision of an attorney. The attorney is answerable for all output to the same extent as if they had produced it themselves.

9. Accounting and Tax Matters

Where needed, we can also arrange accounting or tax advisory services from our wider team. Fees for these services are re-invoiced to you.

10. Client Cooperation and Trust Between Client and Attorney

For our services to be complete, we need the client's cooperation: details, supporting materials, answers to questions, feedback on alternative solutions, and so on.

Trust between attorney and client is essential. The attorney needs to know all the circumstances of the case. Where a client withholds certain details, it is usually the client who bears the consequences — the attorney is then unable to defend the client's rights effectively.

The client is responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the information and materials provided to us. Where the client withholds or incompletely states certain facts, we are not liable for the chosen course of action failing to produce the result the client expects.

Client identification and due diligence (AML): For selected services — in particular escrow of funds, real estate transfers, and the incorporation of or changes to companies — we are an obliged entity under Act No. 253/2008 Coll. and carry out client identification and due diligence. Without the necessary cooperation we cannot provide such a service or accept funds.

11. Outcome of Legal Services

An attorney generally cannot guarantee the outcome of their services. This follows from the very nature of the legal profession and applies above all where the client's case is the subject of court or other proceedings, or where the outcome depends on the conduct of other parties.

The attorney guarantees that they will deliver the contract in the form requested by the client, represent the client in the proceedings, and draft and file all documents. The attorney cannot, however, guarantee that the proceedings will end in success or that the opposing party will pay the debt.

Standard of deliverables: Unless agreed otherwise, we produce our deliverables — analyses, opinions, contracts and other documents — at a middle, pragmatic depth: substantive, strategic, and with a level of detail proportionate to the nature and value of the matter, without academic exhaustiveness and without simplification at the expense of reliability. If the client would prefer something simpler (a brief email summary, for instance), or conversely a detailed analysis of every conceivable risk and implication, they should say so when giving instructions; the scope chosen is reflected in the work billed, or in the amount of the fixed fee. If the client does not specify otherwise, the middle course applies.

None of this means that the attorney does not bear responsibility for their work — see Article 12 for more.

12. Attorney's Liability for Damage and Termination of Cooperation

The attorney is responsible for ensuring that the course of action chosen and the advice given are not inconsistent with the professional care that can be expected of an attorney in the matter. The attorney is liable, for example, where they failed to raise a limitation defence before the court on the client's behalf although they should have known to do so, and the client lost the case as a result.

For such cases the attorney, and our firm, carry mandatory professional indemnity insurance. Our firm is insured up to CZK 100,000,000. Where the client needs services involving higher amounts, the attorney and the client agree on an increase in the insurance limit.

We reserve the right to decline or terminate the provision of legal services, in particular where:

• the client does not cooperate,
• the client is in default on payment of our fees,
• the client asks us to act in breach of the law, of professional rules, or of our values.

13. The Legal Services Agreement

We normally enter into the legal services agreement for the period needed to deliver the service the client has requested. For contracts, that is their delivery to the client; for representation in proceedings, it is the duration of those proceedings.

Alongside the legal services agreement there is also the power of attorney. Entering into the agreement does not in itself grant us a power of attorney. The attorney needs a power of attorney for formal representation of the client, typically before a court.

The legal services agreement may be concluded orally, by email, or in writing. In specific cases we ask prospective clients to sign a more detailed written agreement. In most cases an oral agreement confirmed by email is sufficient. It is precisely in order to clarify the content of such agreements that we send clients this document.

The client may terminate both the agreement and the power of attorney at any time.

Case file and documentation: We generally keep the case file electronically. We retain case documentation for 5 years from the end of the provision of legal services, unless the law requires a longer period; after that it is shredded or deleted. We will release documents entrusted to us by the client at any time on request; handing over the case file is charged as an administrative task (Article 5.2). Audio recordings under Article 8 are retained for no more than 5 years from the closure of the matter, unless they serve as evidence in ongoing proceedings.

Out-of-court resolution of consumer disputes: Where the client is a consumer, the body for out-of-court resolution of disputes between an attorney and a consumer arising from legal services agreements is the Czech Bar Association (www.cak.cz), designated by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

14. Personal Data Protection

Data controller: IUSTORIA, advokátní kancelář, s.r.o., Company ID (IČO): 173 53 866, registered office at Slovákova 279/11, Veveří, 602 00 Brno.

Scope of processing: We process the personal data necessary for the provision of legal services and related communication — in particular identification and contact details of clients and their representatives, data relating to legal matters, data on payments and steps taken, and audio recordings of telephone calls and in-person meetings where these are made under Article 8 of these Terms.

Legal basis: Processing is necessary for the performance of the legal services agreement and for compliance with the attorney's legal obligations under the Czech Bar Act and related legislation, and is further carried out on the basis of our legitimate interest in properly documenting communication with the client and in protecting our rights and defending ourselves in any disputes. Where processing goes beyond these purposes, it is based on the client's consent.

Access to data: Personal data is accessible only to the attorneys and staff of our firm who need to handle it in performing their duties. All of them are bound by a duty of confidentiality.

Client rights: You have the right of access to your personal data, and the rights to rectification, erasure, restriction of processing, and to object to processing. To exercise these rights, contact us at info@iustoria.cz.

Retention period: We retain personal data for the period laid down by law or for the period necessary to fulfil the purpose for which it was collected. Once that period has elapsed, the data is securely erased or anonymised.

The personal data processed may also include audio recordings of telephone calls and in-person meetings with the client, made in order to document the client's instructions, to perform the legal services agreement, and to protect the firm's legitimate interests.

15. In Closing

The legal profession is a field where a great deal is often at stake — money, relationships, reputation.

We set these Terms so that we can work efficiently, to a high standard, and without compromise. If you agree with them, we will stand on your side without reservation.

In Brno, 17 August 2026
IUSTORIA, advokátní kancelář, s.r.o.